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Mikhail Tal ((ラトビア語:Mihails Tāls); (ロシア語:Михаил Нехемьевич Таль), ''Mikhail Nekhem'evich Tal'', ; sometimes transliterated ''Mihails Tals'' or ''Mihail Tal''; 9 November 1936 – 28 June 1992)〔 was a Latvian Soviet chess Grandmaster and the eighth World Chess Champion (from 1960 to 1961). Widely regarded as a creative genius and the best attacking player of all time, he played in a daring, combinatorial style.〔Zubok, V. M. (2011) ''Zhivago's children: the last Russian intelligentsia'', Harvard University Press, ISBN 0674062329〕〔Clarke, P. H. (1969) ''Tal's Best Games of Chess'', Bell, ISBN 0713502045〕 His play was known above all for improvisation and unpredictability. Every game, he once said, was as inimitable and invaluable as a poem.〔Salli Landau, Liubov i shakhmaty: Elegiia Mikhailu Taliu (Moscow: Russian Chess House, 2003)〕 He was often called "Misha", a diminutive for Mikhail, and "The magician from Riga". Both ''The Mammoth Book of the World's Greatest Chess Games''〔 and ''Modern Chess Brilliancies''〔 include more games by Tal than any other player. Tal was also a highly regarded chess writer. He also holds the records for both the first and second longest unbeaten streaks in competitive chess history.〔Soltis, Andrew (2002) ''Chess Lists Second Edition'', 2nd ed., McFarland & Company, Jefferson, North Carolina and London, pp. 43–44, ISBN 0786412968.〕 The Mikhail Tal Memorial has been held in Moscow annually since 2006 to honour Tal's memory. ==Early years== Tal was born in Riga, Latvia, into a Jewish family.〔Sosonko, p. 24〕 According to his friend Gennadi Sosonko, his true father was a family friend identified only as "Uncle Robert";〔 however, this was vehemently denied by Tal's third wife Angelina.〔(【引用サイトリンク】trans_title=Angelina, widow of eighth world champion Tal: "Before me, Tal didn't live with any woman for more than two years, but with me, 22 years. Probably because I'm not a bitch." )〕 From the very beginning of his life, he suffered from ill health. Tal learned to read at the age of three, and was allowed to start university studies while only fifteen. At the age of eight, Tal learned to play chess while watching his father, a doctor and medical researcher. After Mikhail Botvinnik became the world chess champion, in 1948, while in Riga after the tournament, Tal, then eleven years old, visited, hoping to play a game against the new champion. Tal met Botvinnik's wife, who said the champion was asleep, and that she had made him take a rest from chess. Shortly thereafter he joined the Riga Palace of Young Pioneers chess club. His play was not exceptional at first, but he worked hard to improve. Alexander Koblents began tutoring Tal in 1949, after which Tal's game rapidly improved, and by 1951 he had qualified for the Latvian Championship. In the 1952 Latvian Championship Tal finished ahead of his trainer. Tal won his first Latvian title in 1953, and was awarded the title of Candidate Master. He became a Soviet Master in 1954 by defeating Vladimir Simagin in a qualifying match. That same year he also scored his first win over a Grandmaster when Yuri Averbakh lost on time in a drawn position. Tal graduated in Literature from the University of Riga, writing a thesis on the satirical works of Ilf and Petrov, and taught school in Riga for a time in his early twenties. He was a member of the Daugava Sports Society, and represented Latvia in internal Soviet team competitions. He married 19-year-old Russian actress Salli Landau in 1959, divorcing in 1970. (In 2003, Landau published a biography in Russia of her late ex-husband.) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Mikhail Tal」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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